CRITICAL APPROACHES TO MEDIA PRODUCTS ASSIGNMENT 1

TASK 1



A2)

THE LIFT :

 http://gorillafilmmagazineblog.wordpress.com/2011/08/07/emotive-and-confined-marc-isaacs-short-documentary-lift/

http://www.openculture.com/2011/06/lift.html

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1623991/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm

http://www.blackcountrycinema.com/interview-marc-isaacs/

BOWLING OF COLUMBINE :

http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bowling-for-columbine-2002

http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bowling_for_columbine/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2002/10/28/bowling_for_columbine_2002_review.shtml

http://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/93922/bowling.for.columbine

http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9d02eedc173af932a25753c1a9649c8b63

http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/09/10/michael-moore-obama-interview/

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2002/nov/11/usforeignpolicy.guardianinterviewsatbfisouthbank

http://www.morphizm.com/recommends/interviews/mikecolumbine.html

http://www.popmatters.com/feature/moore-michael/

http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9d02eedc173af932a25753c1a9649c8b63

TASK 3

Bowling for Columbine is a documentary that explores the gun laws in America. Classified as an investigative documentary whereby the programme investigates the nature of the high figures of gun violence and crime in America with reference to the Columbine High School Massacre in 1999 and other acts of violence involving guns.

Due to the topic of guns being legal in America even until present, the documentary can also be classified as a Current Affairs Documentary because guns are discussed in depth throughout the entire film. The documentary was awarded with a 16+ classification despite the nature of the film being of an exploration of violence. Bowling for Columbines topic of documentary is extremely specific , thus I would classify their Target Audience to be Mainstream of which an audience whom are interested in politics, current affairs, guns, victims of gun crime or people whom are interested in gun laws in America will find this documentary extremely educational. It also appeals to those whom have no knowledge of guns, gun crimes and American laws and wish to educate themselves on the topic. Americans and Non-Americans will find this documentary appealing, however I personally think the majority of the audience watching the documentary out of interest will be Non-Americans whom are not familiar with American laws because it would be foreign to them . Because of the diverse possible audience the documentary appeals to, demographics will be irrelevant when choosing to target the audience. Instead I believe that targeting the audience for Bowling for Columbine should be based on socio-economic status where by an audiences gender, age, geographic location, interests and lifestyle plays a part in the classification.

Moreover, the classification of the documentary is of a ‘Current Affairs’ type of documentary. It instantly appeals to specific gender-male audiences. As mentioned earlier the Current Affairs Documentary type possesses contents of public affairs, politics, economics on both a local and global scale that appeals to audience worldwide but more specifically males due to them occupying more public space than domestic space of which females occupy thus their preference for such content is understandable as their awareness and knowledge for public world relations will prove to be necessary to them. Hence, the genre and type of documentary of Bowling For Columbine itself is one of the technique used by Michael Moore the director, to appeal to its targeted audience. 

Subjects in the documentary are sometimes seen talking directly into the camera during an interview of questions from Michael Moore. However Michael Moore is not seen asking the questions , nonetheless I will also classify the documentary as a Video Diary too because it possesses elements of editorial control of which is decided by the producer. In term of the cinematography techniques, Bowling for Columbine is extremely creative in their production with filming shots varying from Cut-aways, establishing shots and mid shots while also including  juxtaposition, non-linear footages, cctv footages,animation, actual footages while including figures and statistics throughout the entire film. These elements contribute to the mise-en-scene of both the documentary itself and documentaries as a whole. This, in turn appeals to a niche audience in their interests in filming techniques.

The Lift targeted audience differs to Bowling for Columbine greatly. Firstly The Lift was only aired in the United Kingdom due to the small budget and minimalistic resources. Its targeted audience falls under Alternative because of the documentary topic simply being to observe the residents of a flat in East London in a lift they share.

 The documentary films their behaviours towards each other as neighbours and towards him as a guest in their lift. An aspect of the documentary that is found to be appealing are the residences reaction of Marc Isaac's presence.

 I believe the documentary has a wide range of target audience which differentiates to Bowling for Columbine where their target audience is quite specific. For instance, the documentary targets residents living in that block of flats as well as other neighbouring blocks and neighbourhoods. Having chosen to film in a location amongst a certain residence reflects an aspect of appeal to their target audience as it provides their targeted audience a sense of familiarity of which they may find to be relatable. In general I believe the documentary targets the United Kingdom of all demographics despite the demographic of the filming location ranging from people of C2 ,D and E as other demographics could watch the documentary out of curiosity of another social background, residences, and county in the U.K that varies from their own so as to compare lifestyles. When watching the documentary it is observed that the people of this demographic have a distinguishable quality about them that ranges from the way they communicate in terms of their language and dialect, their behaviour, and their personal circumstances such as being a widow or a having been diagnosed with mental health issues. Based on The Lifts content, the documentary naturally sparks a sense of curiosity and interest amongst its audience which, I believe is to be another contributing factor to appealing to their audiences through its content.  Due to the diversity and behaviours witnessed in the documentary, it can be said that The Lift targets a niche audience of who are interested in social economics or sociology.

Shot entirely from a ‘point of view shot’ the cinematography techniques used in The Lift not only establishes the documentary type as a Video Diary but it also poses as an appeal to their target audience of those interested in documentaries that take advantage of the realistic and personal aspects this particular shot provides. In addition to the cinematography techniques used to film The Lift, the type of documentary it upholds represents that of a Video Diary of which the subject has editorial control over the content to a certain extent of which the producer will decide as to the degree of freedom is allowed. The Video Diary type of documentary also contributes to the audiences emotions by showcasing a personalised view of the subjects’ surroundings, again emphasising realism.

I want to lay emphasis on a point I made earlier, The Lift targets a diverse audience range based on different reasons as to why the documentary appeals to them. In summary, The Lift appeals to audiences such as:

-Residences in that particular flat that was filmed, residences in that particular neighbourhood.

-Audience living within London and the U.K

-Demographics of C2, D and E

-Audience of any demographic whom are simply just curious of the lifestyle those filmed lead.

-Adults or Parents whom only have time to watch documentaries that last 30 minutes or shorter due to their personal time constraints.

-Teenagers of who possess short attentions spans.

-Audience interested in a more personal and realistic documentary

-Audience interested in the social status and behaviour of other for educational purpose. Possibly those interested in Sociology and Social Sciences.

Appealed to them due to the following reasons:

-Filming location of documentary

-Relatable lifestyles

-Curiosity of wanting to know about other social backgrounds and classes.

-The Documentary is less time consuming lasting about 30 minutes.

-The cinematography allows audience to be educated through a personalised viewing experience, confirming the entire content to be realistic.

-Curiosity for people living in a different county of the U.K

-An educational study of social behaviour.

-How alternative the documentary is as compared to the documentaries of which are very specific with regards to its content and intention.

- The overall content of the documentary. 

BTEC MEDIA 180 CREDIT -SOUND PRODUCTION

THERESA RAJ

BTEC MEDIA 180 CREDIT-SOUND PRODUCTION 

ASSIGNMENT 1 TASK 1

1A) Three main elements of moving image soundtracks include Sound Effects,Music and Dialogue.

-Sound Effects: Sound that has been artificially produced or enhanced to contribute impact in film. Can be classified into Diegetic or Non-Diegetic recordings. Of which Diegetic is sound that can be seen visually unlike Non-Diegetic where the sound is visually absent from the screen and its' only proof of pressence is soley from listening and viewing. Specifically in films, sound effects are used to simulate reality of which diegetic sounds would be cto create a realistic experience for the audience.On the contrary, it is also used to create illusion, of which non-diegetic sounds are then used to simulate the audiences' imagination. Lastly, another of its' purposes include creating mood and ambience within a films narrative. It's sound components, known as the Sound Envelope include Attack,Sustain and Decay.

-Music: Music is an essential factor in creating mood and ambience in a scene. Like sound effects it can simulate an audiences' viewing experience through exaggeration of reality , creating an illusion and mood , enhancing the emotions of the audience. It is often used as part of the narrative because it portrays emotions related to the films narrative. For instance a scene containing suspense,horror or sadness may use music that would be composed using low key notes and may be atonal due to the unsettling effect atonal  music possesses and the long attacks the envelope of the sound has.Its' musical components include Pitch,Timbre,Harmonics,Loudness and Rhythem.

-Dialogue : Dialogue is used to narrate the narrative of film and can be recorded by a post production process known as Automated Dialogue Replacement of which dialogue is recorded and replaced on a soundtrack after being shot on location. This method is done to achieve a more clearer and efficient narration. Dialogue, like sound effects and music can be diegetic and non-diegetic.

Regardless of the soundtracks differences, Sound Effects, Music and Dialogue possess the same qualities of ambient effects of which Reverb,Echo/Delay, and Compression is possible to be applied to.

1B) Diegetic: Sound that is visual on screen. It is presented and heard from its' original source.Example being Voices made by characters.
Non-diegetic : Sound that is visually absent on screen and is often recorded in a studio . Example includes Voice over narration and mood music.

1C) Synchronous sound are sounds that match the actions on screen. They are sounds that have a visual presence besides that of an audio. An example is the sound of footsteps when it corresponds to the movement of walking is known as synchronous sound. It's relevance is due the realist effect which enhances audiences viewing experience because it convinces them that the scene is real .Non-synchronous, unlike synchronous is not visually existent.Yet, its relevance is just as vital to the contribution of the films narrative. An example of a scene using Non-synchronous sound is when children are playing in shot of the camera but their Mother is calling out to to them and she is not seen doing this action , but is instead heard while being offscreen.

1D) Overlapping- Example being when two or more voices is heard such as the screams and cries of a scene when catastrophe strikes and everyone is running for their lives.
Character Dialect- Example being a conversation between two people.
Voice-over-Example being the narration of a fantasy film or fairytale where a narrator speaks in a way that he is reading out a story.

ASSIGNMENT 1 TASK 2 

Sound is a major factor in film because of its contributions towards affecting audiences viewing experience. It's a form of articulation and communication of the body with its' purpose being universally understood whether the variety of audio techniques are used to create mood,ambience,rhythm,matching the visual images,providing information to the audience,persuading the audience about something through dialogue or repetition, introducing a specific time and place while also identifying a character to the audience are all contributing factors of the purpose of audio techniques.

Film: STAR WARS scene: TRASH COMPACTOR
Directed by George Lucas the sci-fi film was produced in 1977 . Sounds throughout the film are a mixture of diegetic and non-diegetic recordings. In this particular scene -Trash Compactor, sounds are mainly non diegetic due to the fantasy elements of creatures introduced to the audience. For instance he scene takes place on a spaceship that coincides with the sci-fi theme. The narrative includes protagonists Luke,Han Solo,Chewy and Princess L being faced with a dilemma of being trapped in an enclosed area , known to be the Trash Compactor. While trying to escape, a giant worm creature appears form the floor grasping Lukes leg,pulling him into the ground until he's disappeared and completely out of shot. The other characters panic and shout out for Luke in hopes of him reappearing. They dig up the trash on the floor, in bid to find the worm that captured Luke. Suddenly Luke reappears unharmed but wet and dirty. As he reappears the walls of the trash compactor begin to move,enclosing the space amongst the characters. As the walls compact , all characters try to climb on top of the garbage to ensure they avoid being squashed to death. The sound produced to represent the trash compactor and the worm creature have definitely been artificially produced and recorded in a studio. This is due to the characters being non realistic thus the sound production used to represent them is vital in creating the illusion that they exist in the narration of the film. During the Trash Compactor scene where sounds of bubbling of liquid and swampy water could be heard to identify the worm creatures habitat, those sounds together with the sounds of the rubbish being chucked around and scraps of metal being being heard are example of non-diegetic sounds. These sounds were not specifically visually present. But due to the surrounding-trash compactor being introduced, audiences are aware of what the sounds are despite not being able to visually prove its' existence. Another non-diegetic sounds that were used include lasers during a fight shooting scene of which was quite chaotic having numerous lasers being shot at the same time, the sound for that particular scene was not always non-digetic but diegetic too depending on whether the camera would be focusing on the actual laser gun being the orignal source for that sound. Also due to the chaos of that scene, sounds were overlapped to portray that chaaotic atmosphere where by Luke and Han solo are surviving despite all the lasers being shot at them . This non-diegetic overlapping sound effect contributes to the dramatics of the films narrative which in turn enhances the audiences viewing experience through the realistic portrayals and illusions created.
other non diegetic sounds include:
-Chew Groaning

-Lasers reflecting off metal walls

-Growling

-Banging on door

-Robot sounds

-Machinary

-Metal Footsteps

Having explored the various non-diegtic sounds in the scene, diegetic sounds are present as well and contribute greatly towards the quality of the film.Digetic sounds are made to be visual so as to enhance the viewers experience through the realism of the sounds coordinating with actions that can be seen, this action is known as the synchronous effect which can sometimes be known as Mickey Mousing. The scenes and narrative is then seen to be 'realistic' despite the sound being synthetic, creating this deception and illusion to the audience that provides them with an experience of such that they were actually apart of the film. Because of this, the audience deem a personal connection with the film of which the film has fulfilled its purpose by creating an impact on the viewers emotions and thoughts. This is evident through the scenes narrative climax when it seemed as if the rubbish compactor was about to crush the characters. During a climax the audience are thrilled and surprised. Diegetic sounds such as dialogue coming from the characters and certain sound effects such as lasers, footsteps, metal movements from the robot and the robots response are included as diegetic sound with sometimes an addition foley is used to enhance and match the visual seen on screen.

With regards to the lasers being heard, in terms of its' Sound Envelope it possesses a Short Attack because it reaches its full volume a second after it is activated/released also it does not Decay , it sustains its' volume because of its' short imapact, thus I would say it has a Short Decay too.Below is an example of a Sound Envelope. 
Film: TANGLED Scene: KINGDOM DANCE

The scene Kingdom Dance in the film Tangled pays attention to great detail in relation to its  sound effects.
This is due to the movie being of animation which the portrayal of realism has to be exaggerated and enhanced as opposed to film that is shot in real life.
The opening of the scene rapunzel is walking towards the city.
Her footsteps are heard distinctively but because we cannot see her footsteps ,this sound effect is classified as non-diegetic.
The background music,like many childrens films is uplifting,enchanting ,theatrical cacophony with a compilation score where the music is modern but contains classical elements. Choice of instruments include harps, and trumpets, and others that produce uplifting and chirpy sounds. Dialogue is exaggerated and ecstatic so as to appeal to the children audience. Mickey Mousing techniques are used in this entire clip because of the unrealistic fantasy narrative of the film.


ASSIGNEMENT 1 TASK 3

3A)Laptop,Phone and TV

3B) TV posesses the best sound quality whereas Laptop without headphones provides the least appealing sound quality. TV produces better sound due to its built in surround sound systems that enable sound to travel across the whole room, also it possesses a high dynamic and volume unlike a laptop where the surround sound system is not present and its highest dynamic is limited for the volume. Also speakers are larger in TV compared to laptop thus the sound produced from a TV is of a better quality that provides more perception of space and a wider volume range. A laptop is incapable of these features on its' own.

3C) With sound being a form of articulation in film and a communication platform to convey narrative,  the lack of sound quality and effective panning can lead to a poor viewing experience on the audiences' behalf. Especially since sound contributes to the emotional quality of film, a film with poor sound will impact its' audiences negatively due to the portrayal of an unrealistic production. Sound is overall essential in film due to its ability to create realism, lack of sound quality and panning creates unrealistic and amateur production. In conjunction with foley and synchronisation, when the sound does not match the visuals ,the narrative of the film will lack emotion and meaning thus audience may feel as if they did not understand the film.

3D) Studio Audio Recording : Boj on Ceebebies
Location audio recording :Man vs Wild on  CHANNEL FOUR
Interview: Strictly It Takes Two on BBC TWO
Voiceover: OMNIBUS England's other Elizabeth on BBC FOUR
A moving sound source : Keeping up with the Kardashians  on Channel E.

Critical Approaches

What is Segmentation ?

It is the division or subgroups of a particular sector such as Audience. Targeted audience can be distinguished into various qualities they possess that qualify them to be suitable candidate/s on researching a particular Media Product. Claasifcations of Audience Segmentation include, Gender, Ethnicity, Demographics, Psychographics, Communication behaviour, Media Usage and many more.

How is it applied ?

Segmentation is mainly used in Marketing and Advertising Research where an audience is targeted more effectively so as to achieve the best possible outcome for the product. In terms of film posters, segmentation is applied to target audience that the film may appeal to. For example, a Romance film may be targeted at Women of a specific age group depending on the content of the film and the suitability it may possess.

Why is it used ?

It is used to target the audience effectively so as to receive the best possible outcome for the product to achieve.

DAVE SOUNDTRACK PRODUCTION - LESSON 7/10/13

WHAT IS A SOUND ENVELOPE ?

- It is the way a sound changes overtime . 

WHAT DO ADSR STAND FOR ?

- Attack : How quickly the sound reaches full volume after it is activated.

-Decay : How quickly the sound drops to sustain level.

-Sustain : The CONSANT volume that the sound takes after Decay until the note is released

-Release:

GIVE EXAMPLES OF SOUND WTH-
LONG ATTACKS: Reviving of car (sound gets longer overtime ).
SHORT ATTACKS:Stepping on a dry leaf or Gun Shot
LONG SUSTAIN:Triangle instrument
SHORT SUSTAIN:Drum

EXAMPLES :

Long Attack - Horror Films
Short Attacks: Horror Films
Long Sustains: Romance
Short Sustain:Horror film


BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikiaudio.org/ADSR_envelope
http://filmsound.org/articles/ninecomponents/9components.htm#fast attack

• SYNTHESIZERS

DAVES SOUNDTRACK PRODUCTION - 2/10/2014

Point
Evidence/example
Terminology
Analysis -impact on mood/audience
Link to evidence



STARWARS IV - A NEW HOPE-TRASH COMPACTOR

The scene takes place on a spaceship that coincides with the sci-fi theme. The narrative includes protagonists Luke,Han Solo,Chewy and Princess L being faced with a dilemma of being trapped in an enclosed area , known to be the Trash Compactor. While trying to escape, a giant worm creature appears form the floor grasping Lukes leg,pulling him into the ground until he's disappeared and completely out of shot. The other characters panic and shout out for Luke in hopes of him reappearing. They dig up the trash on the floor, in bid to find the worm that captured Luke. Suddenly Luke reappears unharmed but wet and dirty. As he reappears the walls of the trash compactor begin to move,enclosing the space amongst the characters. As the walls compact , all characters try to climb on top of the garbage to ensure they avoid being squashed to death.

CHEWBACCA ANALYSIS : The whole scene includes a cacophony of sounds ranging from the voice of chew,trash compacting, slushy water, lasers shooting, footsteps slushing through garbage (metal) and the cvoices of Luke, han Solo and Princess L . Amongst all the sounds and dialogue, the sound that matches the stressful and quite scary sound of the theme and mood the most is Chews growls and groans. His sounds reflect the stressful emotions of the condition and situation the characters are faced with which present the climax of this particular narrative of this scene perfectly.

• With regards to the sound that is not only heard but also seen visually, known as Diegetic sound , the scene includes the follwing :

-speaking

-gun shooting

-footsteps

-moving trash

-banging on the door

-robot movements

-kicking of objects (wall)

-lasers reflecting off metal walls

-water splashing

-electric sparks

-door opening

-machinary

Digetic sounds are made to be visual so as to enhance the viewers experience through the realism of the sounds coordinating with actions that can be seen. The scenes and narrative is then seen to be 'realistic', creating this deception and illusion to the audience that provides them with an experience of such that they were actually apart of the film. Because of this, the audience deem a personal connection with the film of which the film has fulfilled its purpose by creating an impact on the viewers emotions and thoughts. This is evident through the scenes narrative climax when it seemed as if the rubbish compactor was about to crush the characters. During a climax the audience are thrilled and surprised . 

• In terms of the sound that is not visually seen but solely heard- Non diegetic sounds include the following:

-Lasers

-Chew Groaning

-Rubbish

-Lasers reflecting off metal walls

-Scrap metal 

-Growling

-Swampy Water

-Bubbling

-Banging on door

-Robot sounds

-Machinary

-Metal Footsteps

• Non-Diegetic sound is introduced to the scene through ADR. The post production process of recording and replacing voices and sounds on a soundtrack, after it has been shot on location.

TASK 2- ANALYSIS OF STAR WARS A NEW HOPE : TRASH COMPACTOR SCENE.

The scene takes place on a spaceship that reflects the sci-fi genre and theme of the film.  The narrative includes protagonists Luke,Han Solo,Chewy and Princess L being faced with a dilemma of being trapped in an enclosed area , known to be the Trash Compactor. While trying to escape, a giant worm creature appears form the floor grasping Lukes leg,pulling him into the ground until he's disappeared and completely out of shot. The other characters panic and shout out for Luke in hopes of him reappearing. They dig up the trash on the floor, in bid to find the worm that captured Luke. Suddenly Luke reappears unharmed but wet and dirty. As he reappears the walls of the trash compactor begin to move,enclosing the space amongst the characters. As the walls compact , all characters try to climb on top of the garbage so as to avoid being squashed to death.

With regards to specifically the sound used in the scene, the

Princess Leia throughout the scene has the minimal dialogue of only shrieks of ''help''and occasional screams here by she is calling out to Luke when he had disappears into the trash compactor. Her voice is recorded by a dynamic microphne 

CRITICAL APPROACHES LESSON 5

With regards to how The Lift and Bowling of Columbine target their audience , in terms of techniques , I would say mainly through content. The content they show is very mature and thus will be enjoyed , understood and intriguing to a mature audience of a minimum age range of 20 years old . Despite the possibility that The Lift could be for a younger audience of 17 years old due to it being only 30 minutes long- a suitable time frame for a young persons attention span, it's topic and filming tendency can be deemed 'boring'. By 'topic' and 'filming tendency' I refer to the Video Diary Type of filming that involves an indirect objective portrayed through the Fly-on-the-wall-theory whereby the cameraman is filming his time spent inside the lift of a council flat awaiting unknown,unplanned, unexpected and sometimes spontaneous, unforeseen responses from residences. Unlike Bowling for Columbine whereby the objective of the documentary was unambiguous and explicit. Audience were kept informed of evry shots purpose and intent throughout the documentary.

CRITICAL APPROACHES : BOWLING FOR COLUMBINE INDEPENDENT RSEARCH

• Bowling for Columbine is a documentary produced,directed and narrated by Film Maker, Michael Moore. Michael Moore is best known for his political activists views and his popular documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 that raked in $222,446,882 at the Box Office in 2004. His documentary, Bowling of Columbine which shares the same Genre and Type of documentary as Fahrenheit 9/11 - Investigative and Current Affairs, had also been a financial success at the Box Office ,earning a total of $58,008,423 in 2002. 
• In terms of Bowling of Columbines international success, it was aired at the following countries :

Country (click to view weekend breakdown) Release Date Opening Wknd % of Total Total Gross / As Of FOREIGN TOTAL 10/9/02 n/a - $36,432,405 N/A Argentina 3/28/03 $60,987 23% $264,825 6/18/03 Australia 12/26/02 $255,036 9.9% $2,565,433 4/16/03 Austria 12/6/02 $44,490 4.9% $911,044 5/22/03 Chile 6/26/03 $19,264 14.3% $134,865 10/8/03 Czech Republic 3/6/03 $3,650 34.7% $10,509 3/16/03 Finland 2/7/03 $19,398 11.3% $172,263 8/14/03 France 10/9/02 $704,694 14.3% $4,911,174 1/28/03 Germany 11/21/02 $280,932 4.4% $6,412,679 8/6/03 Greece 11/15/02 $21,600 36.8% $58,750 11/24/02 Hungary 6/26/03 $14,832 48.1% $30,822 7/9/03 Italy 10/18/02 $48,382 11% $439,096 4/3/03 Mexico 7/18/03 $58,952 17.4% $337,842 9/4/03 Netherlands 12/5/02 $41,179 5.9% $703,425 6/4/03 New Zealand 12/26/02 $27,276 8% $341,349 4/30/03 Norway N/A - - $696,264 6/8/03 South Africa (Entire Region) 6/6/03 $29,218 100% $29,218 6/12/03 Spain N/A - - $2,326,163 8/7/03 United Kingdom 11/15/02 $249,416 12.8% $1,954,067 1/12/03

Profits earned varies according to country, with Germany being of the highest sales and Czech Republic being the least. 

• Quotes/Interviews from Michael Moore that reflect his ideology on gun crime include

1) "I'm Anti-American? No I would say I'm very pro-American you see there's nothing more positive to do for your country than to dissent when you feel that there is a need to speak out against the things that you see are wrong. And to give people an opportunity to laugh, at their own foibles."

2)

3) "Everything that you see, is exactly how it happens. There's no take two, there's no recreation. There's no fakery, every fact in the film is true but... The film has my point of view. The opinions in the film are only mine and you can take them or leave them and I may be right or I may be wrong. Or I may be half right, or half wrong. It's a highly subjective film, from my point of view. But everything you see happens.

4) We as Americans believe it's OK to kill people. We believe it's OK to invade a country that had nothing to do with 9/11. We think it's OK to invade a country where we think Osama Bin Laden is and he's in the other country. So we just go in and we just kill. And we have the death penalty; we sanction it.

5)